Answers to Practice Final

 

  1. False: ‘Given that’ is a premise indicator.
  2. False: Cogent arguments are inductive while sound arguments are deductive. An argument will never be both cogent and sound.
  3. True: This is a causal inference – dealing as it does with cause and effect – thus it is inductive.
  4. False: This type of dispute is ‘merely verbal’.
  5. True.
  6. b
  7. i
  8. g
  9. d
  10. f
  11. No P are M

Some S are M

\No S are P

  1. All P are M

No M are P

\Some S are not P

  1. If F then not-R

R

      \Not-F

      Modus Tollens; Valid

  1. A or I

Not-A

\I

Disjunctive Syllogism; Valid

  1. If W then S

If S then J

\If W then J

Pure Hypothetical Syllogism; Valid

  1. (The Analogy)
    1. Stronger; Number of Entities
    2. Weaker; Dissimilarity
    3. Weaker; Dissimilarity
    4. Unaffected; Relevance
    5. Stronger; Number of Entities
    6. Stronger; Diversity
    7. Unaffected; Relevance
    8. Weaker; Dissimilarity
    9. Weaker; Dissimilarity
    10. Stronger; Scope